It differs from the Septuagint only through the interchange of the 2nd and 3rd stones in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th rows; and possibly Josephus gave the order from his memory either of the Septuagint or of the actual breastplate. Rainbows are one of the most stunning natural occurrences in our skies. in Job 28:18, the King James Version translation of Hebrew gabhish; in Job 28:18, the Revised Version margin translation of Hebrew peninim; in Matthew 7:6; 13:45; 1 Timothy 2:9; Revelation 18:12,16; 21:20,21, English Versions of the Bible translation of Greek margarites. the remark that the twelve foundation stones of the celestial city in Apoc., xxi, 19-20, correspond to the twelve stones of the rational. Jeremiah informs us of a diamond usage which is much the same as its usage today: "The sin of Juda is written with a pen of iron, with the point of a diamond". The word may also derive from the Sanskrit marakata which is certainly emerald nor is the Greek form smaragdos that different either. "onux," Septuagint translation of Hebrew shoham (Job 28:16); onuchion, perhaps Septuagint translation of shoham in the descriptions of the ornaments of the king of Tyre (Ezekiel 28:13) and the stones of the breastplate (being there made 3rd stone, 4th row, in Exodus 28:20; 39:13), but there is uncertainty as to the Hebrew text of the Septuagint; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates onyx, lapis onychinus, lapis sardonychus. The carnelian is a siliceous stone and a species of chalcedony. Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates jaspis; English Versions of the Bible translates "jasper." beryllus occupied the third place of the second row and in the breastplate, and was understood to represent Nephtali (Ex., xxviii, 19; xxxix, 13). The stone belongs to the silex family (chalcedony species) and is formed by deposits of In another place he refers to a stone from Chalcedon or Calchedon (another reading) as being an iaspis of turbid hue. The Septuagint translates tharsis (Song of Solomon 5:14; Ezekiel 1:16; Daniel 10:6), anthrax (Ezekiel 10:9); in the remaining verses there is uncertainty as to the order of the Hebrew words in the several texts. It probably corresponded to the anthrax of Theophrastus (De lap., 18), the carbunculus of Pliny (Hist. Hyacinth, Greek hyakinthos; Vulg. The exact nature of this stone is disputed because the Greek word beryllos occurs instead of the Hebrew ??? It is uncertain what name would be given to such a stone in the present day, but the signification now attached to the name "chalcedony" (cryptocrystalline silica) cannot be traced farther back than the 15th century. in Revelation 4:3; 21:20: the 6th foundation of the New Jerusalem. It is a completely opaque stone of a conchoidal cleavage. The onyx of Roman times was an opaque stone of white and black layers, like the onyx of the present day. in Ezekiel 1:22: Septuagint translates krustallos; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates crystallum; English Versions of the Bible translates "crystal"; the Revised Version margin translates "ice." The smaragdos of Theophrastus was a small, scarce, presumably green, stone used by the gem engravers. That the Septuagint translators were uncertain as to the correct translation of the Hebrew names used for the precious stones into the Greek names used in their time, and that they translated the Hebrew name of a stone in more than one way may be shown as follows. Precious stones are frequently alluded to in Scriptures; they were known and very highly valued in the earliest times. Normally its colour is without clouds or veins; but sometimes delicate veins of extremely light red or white are found arranged much like the rings of an agate. Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. Jud., V, v, 7) translate brhm as "emerald". Bibliography Information Therefore in the Word truths are signified by stones; insomuch that not only by the stones of the altar, but also by the precious stones upon the shoulders of Aaron's ephod and upon the breastplate of judgment, there were signified holy truths which are of love. This description fits well with the Oriental ruby. ( Isaiah 28:16) Stones are used metaphorically to denote hardness or insensibility, ( 1 Samuel 25:37; Ezekiel 11:19; 36:26) as well as firmness or strength. yhlm; Sept. beryllos; Vulg. Here they are, in alphabetical order, 40 magickal stones and their metaphysical uses: Amazonite. chalcedonius, the third foundation stone of the celestial Jerusalem. It is a type of green agate, composed mostly of silica and a small percentage of nickel. Nonetheless we have conclusions for all twelve jewels and these conclusions are helpful in the study of Bible … Cappir, in Exodus 24:10; 28:18; 39:11; Job 28:6,16; Song of Solomon 5:14; Isaiah 54:11; Lamentations 4:7; Ezekiel 1:26; 10:1; 28:13 2nd stone, 2nd row, of the breastplate. It varies in colour according to the country of origin. The Tyrians traded in precious stones supplied by Syria. in Revelation 21:20, English Versions of the Bible translation of Greek sardonux; Exodus 28:18; 39:11, the Revised Version margin translation of Hebrew yahalom. Interpretation of Greek Names Used by Septuagint, 12. A consensus exists regarding the accuracy of the translation among the various versions; Josephus (Ant. By comparing various texts of the Vulgate - the Greek is very inconsistent - we find that shlm smaragdos in Ex., xxviii, 9; xxxv, 27; xxxix, 6; soam, a mere transcription of the Hebrew word in I Par., xxix, 2; and onyx in Job, xxviii, 16. topazius, the second stone of the rational (Ex., xxviii, 17; xxxix, 19), representing Simeon; also the second stone in Ezech., xxviii, 13; the ninth foundation stone of the celestial Jerusalem (Apoc., xxi, 20) and also mentioned in Job, xxviii, 19. These characteristics correspond to the lapis lazuli (sulphato-silicate of sodium and aluminum), not to the sapphire (alumina) of the present day. It was said to be brought from an island in the Red Sea, off the coast of Arabia. The term "chrysolite" is now applied to a different mineral, namely, to a yellow variety of olivine (silicate of magnesium and iron), a species that includes the green precious stone peridot as another of its varieties. The ancients also referred to lapis-lazuli as sapphire, which is likewise a blue stone, often speckled with shining Sapphire, Heb. Topaz, Heb. Spiritual rocks and spiritual stones are the same way to the soul. stones. Chalcedon had once been noted for its copper mines; but the latter, when Pliny wrote, had been so far exhausted that they were no longer worked. God tells Moses the two stones upon the ephod are, in fact, “memorial stones for the sons of Israel” and that “Aaron is to bear the names on his shoulders as a memorial before the Lord” (Exodus 28:12). ahlmh; Sept. amethystos, also Apoc., xxi, 20. Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates beryllus; English Versions of the Bible translates "beryl." On the banks of the river Thermodon the iaspis is of an azure color; in Phrygia it is purple; and in Cappadocia of an azure-purple, somber and not refulgent. Hyacinth, jacinth (see also special article on HYACINTH): "hyacinth" in Revelation 9:17, the Revised Version (British and American) translation of Greek huakinthos; "jacinth" in Exodus 28:19; 39:12, the Revised Version (British and American) translation of Hebrew leshem; in Revelation 9:17; 21:20, the King James Version translation of Greek huakinthos. The Septuagint gives anthrax as the 1st stone, 2nd row, chrusolithos as the 1st stone, 4th row, berullion as the 2nd stone, 4th row, of the breastplate; English Versions of the Bible translates "beryl"; the King James Version margin translates "chrysolite" (in Ezekiel 28:13 only); the Revised Version margin translates "chalcedony" (Exodus 28:20; 39:13), "topaz" (Song of Solomon 5:14) and "stone of Tarshish" (Ezekiel 10:9). in Revelation 21:20: the 5th foundation of the New Jerusalem. In the Book of Exodus, the Bible and Torah both describe how God himself instructed people to make a breastplate with 12 different gemstones for a high priest to use in prayer. PRECIOUS STONES OF THE BIBLE . Beryl occurs in the shape of either a pebble or of an hexagonal prism. both by the Septuagint and the Vulgate is jasper; in Ezech. in Revelation 4:3: the Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates smaragdinus; English Versions of the Bible translates "emerald." The Hebrews obtained gemstones from the Middle East, India, and Egypt. Learn about healing gemstones with this chart of stone meanings. The entire world is created of atomic forces. in Revelation 21:20: the 7th foundation of the New Jerusalem. The Hebrews apparently made very little use of this substance, and it is seldom mentioned in their writings. Sard and sardonyx are often confused by interpreters. The list comprises comparative etymological origins and referential locations for each stone in the Bible. We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. In ancient times it was mined in Upper Egypt and is still found in the mica slate of Mt. That author mentions, besides krustallos and margarites which occur elsewhere than in the description of the breastplate, nine of the Septuagint names of the breastplate stones, namely: achates, amethustos (as amethuson), anthrax, iaspis, ligurion (as lugkurion), onuchion, sappheiros, sardion, smaragdos. Though the Septuagint translators may never have had opportunities of looking closely at the stones, they might be expected to know the color of the material; Josephus must have seen them often. He also relates that the most perfect carbuncles were brought from Carthage, Marseilles, Egypt, and the neighbourhood of Siena. The Greek names of stones and their Latin verbal equivalents had presumably the same signification for both these writers; it is thus possible, in some cases at least, to ascertain what name is now assigned to a stone mentioned in the New Testament if the name and description are recorded in the treatise of Pliny; the results are given in the alphabetical list below. According to Septuagint iaspis was the 3rd stone, 2nd row, of the breastplate, but there is uncertainty as to the Hebrew text of the Septuagint in respect of this word; Septuagint translates also kadhkodh as iaspis (Isaiah 54:12). - Sacred StonesLong before the Israelites entered Canaan, pagans in the Middle East erected sacred stones to honor their gods, to declare covenants and treaties between cities, or to honor an important event that could only be explained by the supernatural. The chrysoprasus was regarded by some naturalists of the time of Pliny as a variety of beryllus. In one instance they even went so far as to Pliny describes the hyacinthus as being very different from amethystus, "though partaking of a color that closely' borders upon it" and as being of a more diluted violet, It may have been the pale blue sapphire (alumina) of the present day; the modern hyacinth, or jacinth, is a quite different stone, a brownish to reddish zircon (silicate of zirconium). in Tobit 13:16; Revelation 21:19: the 2nd foundation of the New Jerusalem. There are about twenty different names of such stones in the Bible. in Job 28:18, the King James Version margin translation of Hebrew ra'moth. This mode of formation results in the bands of various colours which it contains. If so, it is a red glittering stone, probably the Oriental ruby, though the appellation may have been applied to a variety of other red gems. In the time of Theophrastus achates was sold at a great price, but by the time of Pliny had ceased to be a precious stone. Bible Dictionaries - Easton's Bible Dictionary - Stones, Precious, Bible Dictionaries - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Stones, Precious, Encyclopedias - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Stones, Precious, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. sapphirus. The gem is used for rings, seals and, in the East; drinking vessels. In the Old Testament, the 12 different precious stones were used to symbolize the 12 tribes of Israel. ", XXXVII, xlv) and during the Middle Ages it was believed to possess the power of relieving anxiety at night, driving away devils and to be an excellent cure for eye diseases. They are a part of the ritual the people must do to communicate with God, both to worship God and atone for their sins. adamas, adamantinus (Ezech., iii, 9; Zach., vii, 12; Jer, xvii 1). With regard to the tribes and their respective stones, we find in the Midrash. "Entry for 'STONES, PRECIOUS'". and on each occasion, except Job, xxviii, 16, the gem is translated in the Vulgate by lapis onychinus (lapis sardonychus in Job, xxviii, 16). For the interpretation of the Bible it is thus necessary to ascertain, if possible, the kind of stone to which a Greek or Hebrew name was applied at the time when the word was written. in Job 28:18; Proverbs 3:15; 8:11; 20:15; 31:10; Lamentations 4:7, English Versions of the Bible translation of Hebrew peninim; in Isaiah 54:12; Ezekiel 27:16, the Revised Version (British and American) translation of Hebrew kadhkodh; in Exodus 28:17; 39:10; Ezekiel 28:13, the King James Version margin translation of Hebrew 'odhem. thereby indicating beryl. Consequently, the Hebrew shpht must correspond to jasper, Gr. It is a calcareous secretion of certain polyps resulting in a tree-like formation. 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